Biocatalysts in Green Chemistry: Enzymes as Sustainable Reaction Tools

Abstract

Biocatalysis is the application of natural enzymes to perform chemical reactions. It forms a significant component of green chemistry since it minimizes pollution and makes chemical reactions safer and environmentally friendly. Unlike conventional chemical processes that frequently incorporate poisonous metals or harsh acids and bases, biocatalysis employs enzymes that operate under mild conditions such as regular temperature and pressure. These enzymes are derived from living organisms and can be reused, so they are eco-friendly. Examples of some of the most common biocatalysts are transaminases, hydrolases, and oxidases. These enzymes are responsible for specific kinds of reactions like preparing amines, hydrolyzing esters, or oxidizing. Biocatalysis has numerous advantages like high selectivity, low energy consumption, and fewer toxic by-products. It is already being applied in industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, and biofuels. In the future, improved understanding and application of enzymes can make chemical production cleaner and more efficient. This paper discusses the types of enzymes utilized in biocatalysis, how they work, and the role they play in making chemistry sustainable.