Advancements in Gel Propellant Technology: Synthesis, Characterization, and Sustainable Solutions for Versatile Space Exploration

Abstract

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of gel propellants engineered for a range of space applications. Addressing the demand for efficient and adaptable propulsion systems, the research focuses on formulations combining hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and ethanol in varying ratios. HPMC was selected as the gelling agent due to its environmentally friendly properties and proven performance. The primary goal is to develop tailored propellant solutions that meet the specific demands of diverse space missions, highlighting the importance of innovation in propellant technology. Formulations were carefully optimized by adjusting HPMC and ethanol concentrations to enhance key performance parameters such as viscosity, stability, and combustion efficiency. A suite of analytical techniques was employed to evaluate the gel propellants, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for molecular structure validation, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and bomb calorimetry for thermal performance assessment, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) for decomposition behavior, and rheological measurements to characterize flow properties under varying shear rates. These comprehensive evaluations confirm the potential of the developed gel propellants to support a wide spectrum of space applications, contributing meaningfully to the advancement of next-generation propulsion technologies.