The Role of Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback in Shaping the Dynamics of Galaxy Cluster Centers

Abstract

The role of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) feedback in shaping the dynamics of galaxy cluster centers has emerged as a pivotal research area in contemporary astrophysics. Recent observations, particularly those revealing cavities in the intracluster medium (ICM), have underscored the significance of feedback mechanisms driven by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) located at the centers of galaxies. This feedback is now recognized as a key factor in accurately modeling the evolution of both galactic and extragalactic systems. The current era of X-ray astronomy, marked by missions such as Chandra and XMM-Newton, has revolutionized our understanding of "cool-core" (CC) galaxy clusters and groups. Rather than the traditional view, which emphasized the cooling of hot gas and its subsequent inflow toward the cluster center, a more nuanced picture has emerged. This new paradigm illustrates a complex dynamical interplay within the ICM, where AGN activity induces heating that counteracts cooling processes, maintaining a delicate balance. In this study, we specifically investigate AGN feedback processes occurring in the centers of galaxy clusters. We analyze how AGN feedback leads to the formation of periodic jets and examine their impact on the surrounding ICM. By correlating the duty cycle of episodic jet activity with the cooling time (CT) of the central ICM, we aim to determine whether the central AGN is engaged in a feedback loop with the ICM, thereby influencing its thermal and dynamical state. Additionally, we explore the critical differences between galaxy clusters and groups within the framework of ICM cooling and AGN feedback. Our hypothesis suggests that a larger fraction of gas contributes to star formation in galaxy groups compared to clusters, where a significant portion of the gas is thought to be funneled into the central AGN. By examining these distinctions, we seek to clarify the mechanisms governing star formation and AGN activity in different environments. Ultimately, this research aims to elucidate the intricate role of AGN feedback in shaping the dynamics of galaxy cluster centers, enhancing our understanding of its broader implications for galaxy formation and evolution across various cosmic structures. Through this investigation, we hope to provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between AGN feedback, ICM cooling, and star formation processes, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of galaxy evolution in the universe.