Nanosatellite Constellations in Low Earth Orbit: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Nanosatellite constellations in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) represent a transformative development in space technology, offering cost-effective, versatile solutions for a variety of applications. These constellations, comprising numerous nanosatellites working in unison, provide continuous global coverage, real-time communication, and enhanced data redundancy. Key advantages of deploying in LEO include shorter communication times, lower launch costs, and reduced latency. However, the proliferation of these constellations poses challenges such as orbital debris management, spectrum allocation, and international coordination. This review examines the technological advancements, diverse applications, and regulatory hurdles of nanosatellite constellations in LEO, highlighting their significant impact on space exploration and satellite-based services.